Detection of carbapenem hydrolyzing enzyme and extendedspectrum beta-lactamase in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonaceae / Detecção de enzimas hidrolizantes de carbapenemas e beta-lactamases de espectro estendido em isolados clínicos de Enterobacteriaceae e Pseudomonaceae

Objective: Characterize isolates of enterobacterias and pseudomonas based on their resistance to the antibiotics. Methods: This study was conducted with 44 samples from various species from the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonaceae family and they were submitted to the Modified Hodge Test and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) test. Results: From the 44 analyzed samples nine produced ESBL and ten produced some kind of carbapenemase. Conclusion: In total, 38,6% of the samples showed an increased in the incidence of this resistance in the last few years given that before 2001 there was not a single carbapenemase described. This fact alarms patients immunosuppressed or hospitalized since they colonize our digestive tract and can cause an infection given the opportunity.

Objetivo: Caracterizar isolados de enterobactérias e pseudomonas em relação a sua resistência aos antimicrobianos. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado com 44 amostras de várias espécies das famílias Enterobacteriaceae e Pseudomonaceae, as quais foram submetidas aos testes de Hodge Modificado e Beta-Lactamase de Espectro Estendido (ESBL). Resultados: Das 44 amostras analisadas nove são produtoras de ESBL e dez são produtoras de carbapenemase. Conclusão: No total, 38,6% das amostras apresentaram algum tipo de resistência às ESBL e carbapenemases, e esse número mostra um aumento na incidência dessas resistências nos últimos anos já que, antes de 2001, não haviam sido descritas as enzimas car­­­ba­­­penemases. Esse fato é alarmante para pacientes imunossuprimidos ou hospitalizados uma vez que as enterobactérias colonizam nosso trato digestivo e podem causar uma infecção se dada a oportunidade.

Sudden Death by Ovarian Hemorrhage and Hemoperitoneum in a Pregnant Miniature Mare.

This report describes a case of sudden death of a pregnant miniature mare due to an acute ovarian hemorrhage leading to fatal hemoperitoneum. The miniature horse was a 12-year-old female, 60 days pregnant, with a body condition score of 7 (1-9), with a history of obesity and laminitis. Necropsy revealed hemoperitoneum due to an ovarian capsule rupture and hemorrhage after a physiological supplementary ovulation and luteinization. Ovarian rupture after ovulation is uncommon in mares.

Uterine infusion of conceptus fragments changes the protein profile from cyclic mares.

This experiment aimed to compare at day seven after ovulation, the protein profile of uterine fluid in cyclic mares with mares infused two days before with Day 13 conceptus fragments. Experimental animals were ten healthy cyclic mares, examined daily to detect ovulation (Day 0) as soon as estrus was confirmed. On day seven, after ovulation, uterine fluid was collected, constituting the Cyclic group (n = 10). The same mares were examined in the second cycle until ovulation was detected. On day five, after ovulation, fragments from a previously collected concepti were infused into each mare's uterus. Two days after infusion, uterine fluid was collected, constituting the Fragment group (n = 10). Two-dimensional electrophoresis technique processed uterine fluid samples. A total of 373 spots were detected. MALDI-TOF/TOF and NanoUHPLC-QTOF mass spectrometry identified twenty spots with differences in abundance between the Cyclic and Fragment group. Thirteen proteins were identified, with different abundance between groups. Identified proteins may be related to embryo-maternal communication, which involves adhesion, nutrition, endothelial cell proliferation, transport, and immunological tolerance. In conclusion, conceptus fragments signalized changes in the protein profile of uterine fluid seven days after ovulation in comparison to the observed at Day 7 in the same cyclic mares.